Heating devices using wood or other solid fuels require periodic cleaning. Deposits on the walls of the chimney are dangerous not only by narrowing the channels, collapsing and clogging the aisles, but also by fire, which can lead to a fire in the house. Hazards should be addressed in a timely manner. Do you agree?
We will tell you how to maintain the smoke channel so that it does not pose a threat to you and property. The article presented for familiarization describes in detail how to clean the chimney from soot, with what frequency and when it must be performed. Effective preventive measures are given for prudent owners.
Chimney cleaning: chemical and mechanical
Mechanical cleaning is a rather complicated and time-consuming process. Therefore, as a rule, it is carried out no more than 1–2 times a year. But with heavy use of heating devices this is often not enough.
In addition, the more deposits are formed on the walls of the channels, the more the efficiency decreases - the fuel efficiency decreases.
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Chimney cleaning is necessary for the normal operation of the unit heating the house. This is the key to a safe atmosphere in the house and to quickly reach the required temperature.
The soot formed as a result of combustion that settles on the walls is removed by mechanical means and chemical means.
Regular cleaning of the chimney is required to form a stable draft, providing quick ignition of the furnace
The flues of stoves and fireplaces need to be cleaned along the entire length of the channels. To extract soot from the bottom and revolutions, chambers with doors are arranged in the furnace
The narrowing of the chimney channel due to soot build-up will significantly complicate the operation of the unit, can cause the spread of toxins dangerous to people and a drop in draft
Soot growths on the walls of the chimney are a common cause of spontaneous combustion, which often develops into a fire
Due to the peculiar roughness of the walls and the presence of seams in the masonry, brick smoke channels grow faster with soot, therefore they often need cleaning
Round metal chimneys, both single-walled and sandwich structures, are less polluted by soot due to the smooth inner surface. However, they also require regular cleaning, but much less often than brick
A clean chimney is the key to normal operation
The mechanical way to remove soot
Stable draft in the furnace firebox
Soot removal from the bottom of the chimney
Chimney narrowing due to soot build-up
Spontaneous ignition of soot in a pipe
Soot growths in a brick pipe
Round chimney of a gas boiler
Mechanical cleaning of flue ducts
The purpose of mechanical cleaning is to get rid of soot and soot, conduct a routine inspection. Even if measures were taken throughout the heating season to minimize accumulations on the chimney walls, anyway, the likelihood of disturbances in the chimney operation remains.
During the inspection, it may turn out that soot collapsed in the channels, a brick fell out of the masonry, you can also find dead birds
Preparatory work before carbon black removal
If cleaning starts from the chimney section located above the roof, safety must be taken into account. To do this, use a safety cable.
If there is none, then a rope is tied around the belt, the second end of which is fixed around a reliable support - a chimney pipe or a tree growing on the side opposite to the placement of the chimney.
The use of insurance when working at height is a prerequisite, even if the house has only one floor. And in order not to damage the protective coating of the roof made of metal, you need to use shoes with soft soles, for example, sneakers
In order to minimize soot getting into the house, and then it will be quite difficult to clean it later, the firebox doors and the lampshades are tightly closed. The fireplace is hung with a damp cloth.
You can protect yourself from dirt when cleaning the fireplace in the following way: the ruff is led into the chimney, the end of the cable is led out through the hole in the fabric. A fireplace insert is hung with a cloth, secured with adhesive tape around the entire perimeter, and moistened. After that, you can read without fear of spraying soot all over the room.
Cleaning sequence
Before starting work, it is necessary to find out how you can clean the chimney from the bottom without getting out on the roof. And only if this is not possible, they start cleaning. Begin with a portion of the pipe protruding above the roof, having previously removed the spark arrester and / or deflector.
To clean the direct chimney of the fireplace, use a brush with a telescopic flexible handle. The brush is opened from the bottom, from the side of the furnace and leads to the exit of the chimney
If cleaning starts from the roof, then work is carried out in the following order:
- Having folded all the devices in a bucket, they rise to the roof, fix the safety cable.
- Remove the fungus or deflector, if any, from the head of the pipe.
- They clean the smoke channel, trying to remove all deposits - holding the cable, lower and raise the ruff with a weight.
- After the channel is cleaned, put the tools in a bucket, install the deflector in place. Having unfastened the safety cable, they go down.
- In the house or in the attic, clean-up doors (carbon blacks) are opened and crumbled soot is removed.
Continuing to move from the upper channels to the lower ones, they carry out cleaning, after which the sprinkled soot is selected and the doors are closed.
To clean the chimney is a minimum of trouble, it is possible to equip the ash pan and the fenders with drawers
All cleaning operations are carried out carefully. A newspaper, oilcloth or thick cloth is covered on the floor. Soot that has fallen to the floor is first collected with a vacuum cleaner or with a dry broom, a rag. After everything is collected, wash the surface.
It is better to choose a vacuum cleaner with a plastic container, or use industrial electrical equipment - they are easier to clean from contamination. There are also models specifically designed to collect soot and ash.
How to make a ruff with your own hands?
In order not to buy a ruff, you can make your own device for cleaning the chimney from plastic bottles or a metal cable.
Plastic is more versatile and suitable for all types of chimneys. Whereas with a metal brush you can damage the protective coating of chimneys made of galvanized steel or tear off the clay layer, which is applied to give smoothness to the internal surfaces.
To make a ruff from a plastic bottle, you need a steel cable with a diameter of about 2 mm, a clamp, two plastic and a half liter bottles. The bottles are cut in half (across), dissolve into strips, leaving the upper part intact.
Holes of small diameter are made in the bottoms using a hot metal object (wire, screwdriver). The same hole is made in the covers.
The halves are connected to each other, putting on a threaded hook in the following sequence: bottom, neck with cover, neck with cover, bottom. Fix the connection with two nuts and two washers.
Then, a connector is put on the end of the hook and a threaded rod (rod) of the corresponding diameter is screwed onto it. You can also use a plumbing cable to clean sewer pipes. The cable length can be about 2 m.
Ruffs for cleaning the channels must match the shape of the chimneys. They can be rectangular or square. The size of the bristles should be 1.3 times larger than the size of the pipe in cross section
To clean the blockage in the chimney, you can use a ruff fixed on a cable to which a heavy object is attached from below. As a weighting agent, a metal ball can be used. Objects with a displaced center of gravity are not recommended to be used, since they can turn over and get stuck in the chimney.
Chemical cleaning
Effectively prevent the accumulation of soot in the chimney will help special tools. They are intended for prevention and are designed to ensure that their use is regular.
These additives are used during the combustion of firewood. As a result, soot is destroyed at the burning stage. They are used before you clean the chimney mechanically, as well as periodically, throughout the heating season.
It should be remembered that completely replacing mechanical cleaning with chemical is unacceptable, since this method cannot provide 100% cleaning (+)
Use of powder products
Powder chemical cleaner is designed to burn deposits formed on the walls of smoke channels, furnaces. The product is burned with solid fuels and prevents the deposition of soot and tar.
The use of chemicals greatly simplifies the cleaning of the chimney. But with severe pollution and old deposits, they can be powerless. The best use for them is preventive use.
The use of a catalyst allows partial burning of soft deposits and loosening of hard plaque. The systematic use of the tool allows you to maintain the efficiency of the use of heating systems and stove devices.
The rate of powder addition is approximately 1-2 kg per ton of fuel or 1-2 tablespoons for every 10 kg. When using firewood from resinous tree species, a catalyst is used every third load. A catalyst that is used correctly should produce a yellowish white smoke.
The form of the chemical for cleaning the chimney can be any. At the same time, it practically does not affect the efficiency of sediment removal, the question of choice consists only in ease of use
Chimney cleaning with log chimney sweep
One of the effective means of combating creosote deposits is a special log. This is absolutely non-toxic, which can be used to clean stoves, fireplaces, boilers, working on wood, coal.
Using logs “Chimney sweep” is very simple. To do this, it must be set on fire and left to burn. As it burns, the smoke enriched with salt mineral penetrates the creosote, dries and makes it loose. Thus, it is possible to almost completely clear the walls of the channels from deposits.
Folk remedies for soot accumulation
The most famous antiquated way to deal with clogging in chimneys is the burning of potato peelings. Their use is most effective during intense burning.
Under the influence of high temperature, steam is formed with a high starch content, which loosens and softens deposits. Soot exfoliates and crumbles. Such a method is suitable for the prevention of obstruction of channels and as preparation for mechanical cleaning.
To combat soot, not only potato peelings are used. They also use starch or rock salt, sprinkling firewood on them.
Burning aspen wood in large quantities, as a method of cleaning soot from the chimney, although it is considered effective, can lead to bad consequences.
High temperatures, which lead to soot ignition in the chimney ducts, can cause a fire if it has cracks or damage. In addition, not all metal sandwich chimneys can be operated at very high temperatures.
How to reduce flue pollution?
It is common for different types of heating devices to accumulate soot in smoke ducts at different speeds. So, the more protrusions, roughnesses and irregularities, the more soot settles on the walls. It prevents soot from entering the atmosphere and numerous turns or improperly laid out smoke channels.
But if the stove, fireplace, boiler is already installed, then there is no way to change its design. But you can minimize the remaining negative factors that lead to severe pollution of the chimney.
Optimum Fuel Selection
When any fuel is burned in the chimney, a deposit of soot and soot is formed. But one kind of it can form more deposits than the rest. You can reduce the intensity of pollution if you use the "right" fuel.
The wood of different tree species has a different chemical composition. Different contents of tar, oil, tar, creosote affect the degree of sedimentation on chimneys. The fewer of these substances in wood, the less soot will form during combustion. Other types of solid fuels also affect pollution to varying degrees.
What fuel forms soot more than others:
- coniferous wood - spruce, pine;
- birch firewood, in which there is a high tar content;
- briquettes and pellet granules from the husks of seeds due to the high oil content give intensive soot formation.
It must also be said that incineration of household waste, especially plastic, also contributes to plaque formation.
In contrast to these types of fuel, firewood from oak, hornbeam, beech, walnut, plane tree, pear, apple tree can be noted. These hard rocks are much less polluting chimneys.
Aspen firewood forms little soot, and, in addition, is a preventive measure in the fight against its subsidence on the walls of the chimney
Briquettes from sawdust, otherwise called Euro-woods, burn well and leave a little soot. When burning, they do not spark, they poorly absorb moisture, so they can be stored in kitchens near the stove.
Dependence on humidity and combustion temperature
It is highly advisable to use dry firewood when heating rooms - the drier the better. The fact is that, when burning wet fuel, ashes under the influence of steam rises with it and sticks together into lumps. It becomes heavier and cannot leave the chimney. As a result, it accumulates inside the chimney in the form of soot.
Therefore, they need to be prepared in advance and stored under a canopy, in special covered rooms, sheds. Under such conditions, it will be possible to achieve 15-20% humidity. In this case, the degree of dryness will always fluctuate depending on the humidity in the room, on the street.
The more water vapor forms during fuel combustion, the faster blockages form in the chimney, furnace chamber of the furnace, boiler, fireplace
The amount of soot formation is also affected by the combustion temperature. The worse the wood burns, the greater the degree of pollution, the more often you will have to clean the chimney.
This is due to the fact that at low temperatures an excess of carbon particles is formed, which settles in the form of soot and soot. This phenomenon is especially characteristic for the initial burning, when firewood only flares up.
Therefore, when kindling a stove or fireplace, you need to strive to increase the temperature in the furnace as quickly as possible - to melt the stove with dry wood, use more thin and dry chips.
In addition, after the fire has died out, it is necessary to retain heat. To do this, as soon as all the fuel burns out in the stove, close the gate. And then at the next kindling the temperature inside the stove will be much higher than if it had not been closed.
The combustion temperature can be determined using a special device - a combustion indicator, which is attached to a metal chimney and measures the temperature of the flue gases
Video # 1. Use of chemicals:
Video # 2. Cleaning chimneys using potato peelings:
Video # 3.How to make a ruff from a plastic bottle and clean the chimney with it:
You can check how you managed to clean the chimney from soot using a newspaper. They set it on fire and bring it to the firebox and to the clean doors.
If there is no draft in any section, then, most likely, the blockage could not be removed in the channels located above. In this case, it is better to invite a chimney sweep, which will help to pinpoint the cause and deal with poor traction.
Tell us about how you cleaned the chimney in your own country house or in a country house. Please write comments in the block under the text of the article. Ask questions, share information useful to visitors to the site, leave photos on the topic.